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10/09/2015  |   1:45 PM - 3:00 PM   |  SAC Auditorium

Do HIV and Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy affect the hearing function: a prospective case-control study among HIV-infected and -uninfected Cameroonians.

Many studies have shown a higher prevalence of hearing impairment among HIV-infected individuals. Objective: This study was aimed at investigating the effect of HIV and antiretroviral treatment on the hearing function in a Cameroonian population. Design: We conducted a prospective case control study from March 2012 to January 2013. Participants: We included 90 HIV-positive cases and 90 HIV-negative controls, aged 15 to 49 years without any past history or ongoing hearing loss providing disease, or treatment with known ototoxic drug. The case group was further divided into three subgroups: 30 ART-naïve, 30 on 1st line and 30 on 2nd line treatment. Intervention: Hearing function was assessed by pure tone audiometry and classified according to BIAP. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Main outcomes and measures: Hearing loss due to HIV and Antiretroviral drugs was the main outcome expected. Results. The HIV-infected subjects had more otologic complaints (hearing loss, dizziness, tinnitus, otalgia) than the uninfected ones (41 vs 13, p=0.04). There were 49 cases of hearing loss in the HIV-infected (27.2%) group versus 10 (5.55%) in the controls (p=0.04). Compared to HIV-uninfected individuals, the odds of hearing loss was higher among HIV-infected ART-naïve patients (OR: 6.7 , 95% CI 4.3-9.7, p =0.004 for the right ear and OR: 6.25 , 95% CI 3.5-8.3, p =0.006 for the left ear), patients on 1st line ART (OR: 5.6, 95% CI 1.9-10.5, p =0.012 for the right ear and OR: 12.5, 95% CI 8.5-15.4, p =0.000 for the left ear), and patients on 2nd line ART (OR: 6.7, 95% CI 3.3-9.6, p =0.004 for the right ear ). Conclusion and relevance. HIV-infected patients need a special audiological care. Further studies are needed since controversy remains about the factors leading to ear damage.

• Describe audiologic findings in HIV/AIDS patients
• Name a class of antiretroviral drugs known to be ototoxic
• Describe the attitude audiologists should have towards HIV infected patients

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Jean Valentin Fokouo (POC,Primary Presenter), Ministry of Health, valentin.fokouo@gmail.com;
I am a Cameroonian born Otolaryngologist.